Main Causes of Stress Due To External Conditions

Here, we will study the main causes of stress which arise due to external circumstances. We have seen elsewhere that stress can be caused by your external circumstances or your perceptions and attitudes.

Stress is the reason for two thirds of the total visits to the Physician. It is also the leading cause of the coronary artery diseases, cancer, accidents and respiratory diseases besides some others.

Stress aggravates following illnesses: Hypertension, insomnia, diabetes, herpes, multiple sclerosis, etc. Besides, stress that continues for long periods of time can lead to: poor concentration, irritability, anger, and poor judgment.

Stress leads to marriage breakups, family fights, road rage, suicides and violence.

What are the biggest causes of present day stress, and how do these lead to such high levels of tension?

The main causes of stress that arise due to the external environment were studied by Thomas H. Holmes and Richard H. Rahe, from the University of Washington. In 1967 they conducted a study on the connection between certain important life events and the illnesses. As a part of that study they also compiled a list of main reasons of stress in the society.

At the time the study was conducted there were 55 triggers of stress. The list was reviewed in 2006 and that list now contains 63 main causes of stress.

From the studies conducted by Holmes and Rahe, and also other studies that have been conducted from time to time, it seems that following are the biggest causes of present day stress levels in modern societies:

1. Financial Problems – This is the number one source of stress these days. You and your family are not be able to do what you want to due to lack of money. Debts are piling up. Credit Card payments, pending mortgage installments, rising costs of education, mounting expenditure on health concerns. Financial matters top the list of stressors.

2. Workplace Stress – Stress at workplace is another of the main causes of stress. You may be worried about your next promotion. You might be facing the negative or bullying behavior of your boss. You might not be reaching your well-deserved career goals; you might be worried due to office politics. You might be stressed about some major change that is taking place in the organization, or, you might be under stress because of the prospect of losing your job.

3. Personal Relationships – Studies of children, attitude of relatives, arguments with spouse or children, change of place due to requirements of your job, illness of a family member, moving in of parents or moving out of elder children are all main causes of stress.

4. Health – Heart diseases, hypertension, problems with eye sight and sugar afflict many people becoming a major cause of life stress for them. Maintaining good health, reducing weight, increasing weight, being able to lead a healthy life-style: all of these and a few more are the main causes of stress due to health concerns.

5. Irritants - Besides the ones that I have mentioned above there are those annoyances and irritations that you encounter in your daily lives which go on to become biggest sources of stress for you. Problems in commuting to workplace, balance of work and family life, PTMs at children’s schools, workload, visit to doctor, not enough sleep, no time to relax, no time to discuss some nagging problems – who is not aware of these stresses and strains of our lives? You fight with them every day.

These main causes of stress are taking their toll on today’s urban man in the shape of stress related diseases that we mentioned at the top.

But, do you let all of these get on your nerve, getting you all stressed up and making you prone to all the stress-related diseases? – Or have you found ways to live a stress-free and full life despite many problems that beset you?

Develop resilience and never let stress get you down. It can be learnt. But, yes, you have to try.

You may like to take Dr. Rahe’s stress test to see how stressed you are.

To break yourself out of the daily stresses, start by practicing stress releasing exercises, and you will be on your way to freedom from the main causes of stress afflicting our present day lifestyle.

These main causes of stress are taking their toll on today’s urban man in the shape of stress related diseases that we mentioned at the top.

But, do you let all of these get on your nerve, getting you all stressed up and making you prone to all the stress-related diseases? – Or have you found ways to live a stress-free and full life despite many problems that beset you?

Develop resilience and never let stress get you down. It can be learnt. But, yes, you have to try.

You may like to take Dr. Rahe’s stress test to see how stressed you are.

To break yourself out of the daily stresses, start by practicing stress releasing exercises, and you will be on your way to freedom from the main causes of stress afflicting our present day lifestyle.

To break yourself out of the daily stresses, start by practicing stress releasing exercises, and you will be on your way to freedom from the main causes of stress afflicting our present day lifestyle.

KUTOKA KATIKA DUKA LANGU LA BIASHARA

 PATA FASHION MBALIMBALI KUTOKA KHADIL FASHION CENTRE ILIYOPO BEKASI AU WASILIANA NASI

A LETTER FROM T.I BEFORE SEPTEMBER RELEASE

T.I is about to be released from prison. Here is the letter to the world and especially his fans.

What up world? This will be my last message from Forrest City. Just reaching out and sending my love, respect and appreciation to all who have been ridin’ with me throughout this chapter in my life and not just recently but since all the things started happening one after another back in ’06. From Big Phil’s murder to my beautiful little angel Leiah being called home to heaven, to my arrest in ’07, the 1st prison sentence in ’09, to this last journey that I’m nearing the end of. A lot of people who are aware of all that has happened to me in my life say that there aren’t many men who could have endured and withstood so much pain, pressure and turmoil while managing to remain sane and keep their wits about them. I must say that I wouldn’t have been able to do so without God’s grace and having a strong support system behind me every step of the way. So often we spend time acknowledging the presence of “haters” and all the negativity they send our way but we don’t take the time to acknowledge and appreciate all the ones who love and support us and supply us with the positive energy we need to overcome. We complain about the pain so much that we don’t even notice how much stronger, wiser and better of a person the suffering has allowed us to become. I heard Pac say once “To live is to suffer and to survive is to find meaning in that suffering.” I later found out it came from an author by the name of Friedrich Nietzsche. When I heard Pac say that it was just some hard shit to hear your favorite rapper say before he kicked a verse. Now that I’ve gone through it and grown from it those words have a real true meaning to me. I know this won’t be my last battle with adversity but it has truly prepared me for whatever else may come in the future. For that also I’m thankful. Now it goes without saying that I hate I had to come back to prison for these 10 months but I am truly grateful for the knowledge, growth and understanding I’ve received from the experience.Next time you hear from me I’ll be back out there with you. Doing for those who can’t do for themselves and speaking for those whose voices are never heard. When I touch down, I’m going all the way back to square one, like I’m fresh in the game and never sold a record. Back on some I’M SERIOUS, TRAP MUZIK shit… But until then RESPECT to all who deserve it. I’ll be back at you in a minute.

- KING

NE-YO

At the tender age of twenty-two, the lyrical and musical talent that Ne-Yo posses are far beyond his years. Born into a family of musicians from Arkansas, Shaffer C. Smith a.k.a. Ne-Yo was raised in a single parent home by his mother. In hopes of a better opportunity, Ne-Yo's mother relocated the family to Las Vegas Nevada; where Ne-Yo would discover his passion.

The singer/songwriter, penned on the biggest radio records of history (189.5 million listeners in one week) Billboards #1 R&B chart for several weeks, the words on "Let Me Love You" touch your heart and makes you feel good in your soul. Written with Scott Storch and Kam Houf and performed by the R&B artist Mario, "Let Me Love You" is just a glimpse into the mind of a true writer. "It's a great song, and I'm really happy to have wrote it," he says."

A master in the art of storytelling, Ne-Yo began writing at an early age. A vivid imagination and creative energy has allowed Ne-Yo to write songs for multi-platinum artists such as Mary J. Blige, B2K, Faith Evans, and Musiq. When asked about writing number one hits for other artists, simply put, Ne-Yo said, "I feel there is always room for good music. I want to reach people's soul with my lyrics thru whatever vessel God chooses."

Set to release his debut album on Def Jam Recordings, this dynamic entertainer is ready to deliver. Infusing pop melodies to rich, soulful production the album is sure to score with fans and critics alike. Relying on mostly his own in-house crew Compound, Ne-Yo creates both a unique sound and sentiment for his records. Songs like the first single "Stay" (featuring Peedi Crack) exemplify Ne-Yo's nuanced, layered vocals and sample free production. "So Sick", a beautiful track in which he laments hearing love songs on the radio due to the feelings they conjure, reveals his voice to be clean and almost elated, but rich and weathered at the same time. But true to his charismatic character, the album shows many sides of Ne-Yo and even finds him lighter, more playful, even coy, on "When You're Mad." Sure cello hits move the track as Ne-Yo floats above, telling his woman that she's even more beautiful when she's mad.

With the album in the chamber, ready to go, Ne-Yo now just has to prepare himself for the stardom that is sure to follow. "The toughest part has been getting used to being known," he confesses, "I've always been the writer, the guy in the background, but being the actual artist is a whole new experience for me."

Citing Prince, Marvin Gaye, The Rat Pack, and Stevie Wonder in his list of favorite entertainers, Ne-Yo's album invokes a nostalgic feeling, a renaissance if you will. Whether it's the bedroom or the dance floor, Ne-Yo's songs are filled with passion and intense energy that pulls (you into the music) and puts you into a zone.

Ne-Yo is taking the music industry by storm, as he graces and challenges popular music with his writing & vocal talents. Much more than today's male singer, Ne-Yo is a rare artist; expressing creativity thru drawings, paintings, martial arts and song. He is distinguished by youthful energy with in-depth lyrics that touch the soul. Ne-Yo is honored and ecstatic to be apart of the Def Jam brand, which produces some of the best R&B and hip-hop artists in the world.

JUSTIN BIEBER

Mwanamuziki justin akiwa katika pozi

JUSTIN BIEBER

 It seems like Justin Bieber's fame and success happened overnight,but the truth is Justin has been working toward stardom for years. His mom,Pattie, says Justin has been into music since he was 5 years old!" He'd hear something on the radio and go to the keyboard to figure it out," she smiles. 

After winning second place in a local talent competition when he was 12, Justin put his performance on YouTube to share with friends and familly that couldn't attend the talent show.Soon, Justin's videos were getting tons of attention and caught the eye of his current music manager, Scooter, with hot singles like "One Time" and "One Less Lonely Girl", Justin is music's hottest new artist, which is sometimes hard for him to believe! "I'm from a small town and never dreamed posting videos on YouTube could change my life," he said. "Thank you so much to my fans. You guys did this for me and i am eternally garteful.

JUSTIN BIEBER

Leo pande zetu tunaye JUSTIN

LEO TUNAWARETEA MDUDU SISIMIZI

Sisimizi ni familia ya wadudu wadogo wanaoishi katika jamii. Jamii hizi zinaweza kuwa na sisimizi makumi kadhaa tu au kuwa na mamilioni kulingana na spishi mbalimbali.

Makazi yao yapo mara nyingi chini ya ardhi au mahali pengine panapohifadhiwa kama chini ya jiwe kubwa au katika nafasi ndani ya miti. Wanatumia udongo na nyuzi za mimea kwa ujenzi.

Jenasi kadhaa kama vile siafu (dorylus) hawana makazi ya kudumu bali wanahamahama.

Mchwa hawako karibu na sisimizi hata kama wanafana nao katika mengi na kuitwa kwa Kiingereza "white ants" lakini wako katika nasaba pamoja na kombamwiko.

Majina ya aina za sisimizi kwa Kiswahili

• chungu (aina inayouma)
• nyenyerere (wadogo weusi)
• majimoto (aina nyekundu)
• samesame (aina nyekundu)
• sangara (aina nyekundu)
• siafu (jenasi Dorylus)
• sungusungu (aina kubwa nyeusi)

LEO ARSENAL KATIKA MAZOEZI BY KHADIL

 Leo camera ya blog hii imeweza kukutana na vijana wa arsenal wanaojifua kwa ajiri ya mechi za ligi kuu zinazo karibia kuanza mapema mwezi wa nane.Timu hii inapata changamoto mbalimbali ikiwemo ya kuondoka kwa mchezaji gael clichy aliyetimkia man cicty huku zikiwepo tetesi mbalimbali za kuondoka kwa nasri na bendtner.

LEO KATIKA DARAJA LA MTO KAGERA BY KHADIL

Ikiwa wew ni mtu wa kagera bila shaka unajua kwa undani kuhusu mto kagera.Ni mto ambao  umeweza kutumiwa na nduli Amini kama shimo la kuwachimbia watu wa uganda na tz hakika mto huu utaushangaa kwa maji yake yenye rangi nyekundu na yakustaajabisha.Leo katika makala hii tutakuonyesha picha na pia daraja linalounganisha Kagera na uganda ambalo ni matunda ya jeshi letu watanzania kwa ushirikiano turiao nao.IMEANDALIWA NA KHADIL

LEO KATIKA MPYA ZILIZO AJIRI

Ni mara nyingine mkari jaydee akiwa amemshirikisha mr kabaisa 

KATIKA UCHUMI WETU

Add caption

Ni mara nyingine katika uchumi wetu Tanzania tukiangalia kwamba ela yetu inazidi kuporomoka  huku tukienderea kupata tabu pindi dollar inapopanda bac naona iwe changamoto kwa serikari kuhakikisha ela teu haishuki thamani.

uvuvi

uvuvi nao una faida zake katika hali ya kujiretea kipato mbalimbali

Ni kijana mdogo na mwenye umri mdogo ila katika gemu la muziki kijana anaweza ile mbaya na tunamkubari.

IJUE KARAFUU

 KARAFUU......

tunajua ya kwamba karafuu ni zao linalonukia saaana na tena harufu yake ni nzuri sana sasa jamani kuna watu fulani siku hizi wanasema mwanamke ama mwanaume shurti uogeshwe na karafuu ama iliki ili unukie vizuri na kumvutia mpenzi wako haya mambo zamani yalikuwa yanafanywa na watu wa pwani lakini siku hizi kila kabila bibi lina manjonjo...

kwa mimi binafsi harufu ya karafuu ama iliki naipenda tu kwenye chakula lakini kwenye mwili wa mpenzi wangu wala sitaki kuisikia, na kwa wengine ambao wapo kama mimi wasiopenda harufu kuna vitu vyengine ambavyo vinaweza kuchukuwa nafasi ya karafuu na iliki kama udi wa vanilla, roses, ama hata wa lily flower.. manukato hayo unayachoma kwenye kifukizo na kuyaweka chumbani kwangu kuliko hiyo harufu kali ya karafuu (huu ni kwa upande wangu)...

na kabla mwanamke hujaamua kuweka hizo karafuu na iliki kumpendezesha mpenzi wako hebu muulize kwanza maana usije ukanunua ukaweka chumbani kumbe mwenzako badala aingie ndani anakimbia chumba, itakuwa aibu...

wote tunapenda chumbani kwetu panukie vizuri lakini wapenzi wetu huwa wana matatizo na harufu iwe nzuri ama mbaya wao kutwa na chafya, mafua mpaka utawaonea huruma...

kwahiyo tusijifanye tunaujua ufundi hebu kabla ya kumuwekea mpenzi mankodinkodi hebu tuulize tujuwe kipi kina faa na kipi hakifai....

MFAIDISHE MWENZI WAKO

 MDALASINI, TANGO NA ASALI....

jamani wenzangu nina jambo mlikuwa mnajua kama mdalasini, asali na tango ni dawa ya kumpa mtu nguvu kwenye mechi? kama ulikuwa hujui ndio ufahamu eti..


kuna dada mmoja alikuwa analalamika mpenzi wake nguvu kitandani hana, anasema jamaa akishatoa moja tu basi nguvu zote zinaisha jamaa hawezi hata kurudia ya pili, na hapo mwanamke wake huyo anakuwa hajatosheka lakini jamaa hajiwezi kabisa..



sasa huyu dada akawa anaomba ushauri kwa watu wazima akiwaeleza swala lake na mumewe watu wengi wakawa wanamshauri mengi tu pamoja na ya kwamba mumewe anywe maji ya mchele yale ya kwanza, sijui mwengine akamwambia anywe maji ya madafu kwa wingi na wengine wakimwambia aende kutafuta dawa za miti shamba...



akafika kwa bibi mmoja wa zamani (umri umeenda) yule bibi akamwambia yule dada ampe mumewe mdalasini pamoja na asali achanganye kwa pamoja atie na maji ama aiweke kwenye chai, halafu kila chakula cha yule baba kisikose kipande cha tango..



yule dada akafanya kama alivyoambiwa na yule bibi, sasa hivi dada anafuraha mambo si shwari, kwahiyo huu ni ushauri tu ya kwamba ukiona mwezio nguvu hana akienda moja anahema kama kasukuma trekta, mwanaume anahema kama presha imeshuka (hehehe) basi sio vibaya ukijaribu hayo..



lakini naomba niseme sio tu kwasababu huyu dada yeye mpenzi wake alipata nafuu ndio kila mtu itakuwa hivyo wengine vyao vya kurithi utalisha hivyo vitu milele jamaa hata kubadilika asibadilike...BY KHADIL HEMED KANTANGAYO

MATUMIZI YA LUGHA YA KISWAHILI KATIKA KAZI ZA SANAA BY KHADIL KANTANGAYO

Lugha ni mfumo maalumu wa sauti nasibu za kusemwa unaotumika na jamii ya utamaduni fulani kwa ajili ya mawasiliano au kupashana habari.  Lugha zote duniani zina tabia zinazofanana ingawa sababu hiyo haifanyi lugha zote kufanana japokuwa kuna zinazokaribiana.  Lugha huathiriwa na lugha nyingine, lugha huweza kuongeza msamiati na mara nyingine huweza kufifisha msamiati na ukatoweka katika matumizi, hakuna lugha bora kuliko nyingine, kila lugha ni bora kwa kuwa inakidhi haja ya mawasiliano.

Sanaa ni ufundi wa kuwasilisha hisia na mawazo ya binadamu kwa mdomo, maandishi, michoro na uchongaji.  Sanaa ya maandishi imegawanyika katika tanzu kuu tatu ambazo ni tamthiliya, riwaya na ushairi na tanzu hizo zina vipengele vidogovidogo.  Sanaa ya uchoraji hujumuisha michoro ya mapangoni, michoro ya vikatuni na michoro mingine mingi, lengo lake likiwa kufikisha ujumbe kwa jamii.  Sanaa ya uchongaji ni sanaa ambayo watu wachache kwenye jamii ndio wanaojishughulisha nayo kwani watu wenye ujuzi wa kuchonga ni wachache ambao hutoa mawazo yao kupitia vinyago wanavyovichonga.  Sanaa za jukwaani ni sanaa ambazo hujumuisha nyimbo za miziki, maigizo na ngoma za kienyeji.  Katika makala haya nitajikita zaidi kueleza uhusiano uliopo kati ya lugha na sanaa za jukwaani na kueleza zaidi kwenye umuhimu wa vionjo vya lugha katika sanaa.

UHUSIANO WA LUGHA NA SANAA

Lugha na sanaa ni vipengele muhimu vya utamaduni wa jamii yoyote, jamii huweza kujitambulisha popote pale kwa vipengele hivi kwani mtu anaweza kutambulika popote pale kwa kuongea lugha yake au akatambulika kwa sanaa yake kama vile ngoma, nyimbo n.k.  Unapoongelea Sanaa iwe ya jukwaani au sanaa nyingine huwezi kukwepa lugha ambayo ndiyo mhimili mkuu wa sanaa yoyote ile.  Sanaa hususani za majukwaani haziwezi kuvutia, kufikisha ujumbe, kuburudisha au kuonya kama matumizi ya nyenzo kuu (Lugha) haikutumika vizuri.  Ili Sanaa iweze kukidhi haja ya hadhira lazima wawasilishaji wawe mahiri katika matumizi ya lugha na katika muktadha huu ni Lugha ya Kiswahili.  Umahiri wa Lugha unaozungumziwa ni matumizi ya lugha fasaha ambayo inajumuisha sarufi, muundo na vionjo muhimu katika lugha kama vile, tamathali za semi, nahau, methali na misemo ambavyo vina uwezo mkubwa wa kusisitiza, kushawishi, kueleza kwa usahihi kile kilichokusudiwa pasipo kuwa na mlolongo wa maneno mengi.

VIONJO VYA LUGHA NA UMUHIMU WAKE

Katika lugha yoyote duniani vionjo vya lugha havikwepeki kwa kuwa ndivyo vinavyodhihirisha utajiri na msamiati wa kutosha katika lugha hiyo.  Baadhi ya vionjo hivyo ni: tamathali za semi, nahau, methali na misemo.

Tamathili za semi

Tashihisi    usemi wenye kukipa uhai kitu kisicho na hai (ukuta ule ukasogea

Kwa nguvu. Jiwe lile likasema)

Takiriri       kurudiarudia, mkarara (sogea, sogea, sogea)

Tabaini      usemi wenye dhana ya ukinzani lakini maana ya msingi haitenguki.  Mfano yeye anatuona lakini sisi hatumwoni

Balagha      usemi wenye kukuza jambo kuliko uhalisia.  Kwa mfano: Kijana ana sikio kama la tembo, Ana kifua kama kabati 

Tasifida      usemi wenye kuvisha nguo maneno makali yatumikayo kwa lengo la kulinda maadili ya jamii. Kwa mfano anakwenda haja kubwa badala ya anakunya.

Nahau, misemo na methali

Nahau:        Haya ni mafungu ya maneno yenye maana maalumu ambayo haitokani na maneno ya kawaida yaliyopo kwenye maneno hayo.  Nahau za lugha yoyote hutumiwa zaidi na jamii yenye asili ya lugha hiyo. Kwa mfano Amezunguka mbuyu - amekula rushwa. Ana mkono wa birika –mtu mchoyo.  Amekula chumvi nyingi- ameishi miaka mingi n.k.

Methali:      Usemi wa kisanii wa kimapokea unaofikiriwa na jamii kuwa kweli na unaotumiwa kufumbia au kutolea mifano na huwa unabeba maana pana kuliko maneno yenyewe yanayotumiwa. Kwa mfano:- Hasira ya mkizi furaha ya mvuvi.  Mcheza kwao hutunzwa.  Mgaagaa na upwa hali wali mkavu.

Misemo:     Ni mafungu ya maneno yanayotumiwa na jamii ya watu wa lugha hiyo kwa namna maalumu ili kutoa mafunzo, maadili na kuihadharisha jamii.  Misemo ni maneno ambayo jamii huyatumia kutokana na uzoefu katika maisha. Kwa mfano: Mpaji ni mungu, aliye juu mngoje chini, Lila na fila havitengamani.  Hata hivyo kutokana na maendeleo ya binadamu na utandawazi kuna baadhi ya watu wanaamini kuwa misemo mingine imepitwa na wakati.

Vionjo vya lugha vilivyoainishwa hapo juu ni baadhi tu ya vichache kati ya vingi ambavyo huweza kuipamba, kuisherehesha na kuifanya lugha ifikishe ujumbe wake kwa usahihi.  Sababu ya kutumia vionjo hivyo ambavyo ni chachandu katika sanaa ni kusisitiza na kutafuta mbinu za kufikisha ujumbe uliokusudiwa.  Kuna msanii mmoja ambaye amepata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na mtindo wa sanaa yake ya kuimba nyimbo ambazo karibu robo tatu ya wimbo una misemo ya Kiswahili ya wahenga na mingine akiibuni yeye mwenyewe.

LUGHA SANIFU KATIKA SANAA

Ni ukweli usiopingika kwamba ili ujumbe ufike kwa aliyekusudiwa ni muhimu nyenzo ya kuufikisha isiwe na utata.  Kumekuwa na matumizi ya lugha ambayo si sanifu na fasaha na matokeo yake kwa mgeni ambaye amejifunza lugha sanifu si rahisi kupata ujumbe uliokusudiwa na msanii.  Msanii ni kioo cha jamii na wasanii wana ushawishi mkubwa wa kuikengeusha jamii wanapokusudia.  Mara nyingine wanafanya kazi kwa kubahatisha kwani wataalamu wa kurekebisha lugha ambayo ni nyenzo yao kuu katika kazi zao wapo na wanapatikana muda wote lakini hawawatumii.  Wasanii wengi ambao nyimbo zao zimekuwa, zikitamba ni wale ambao wameitumia lugha ya Kiswhaili vizuri ikiwemo matumizi ya vipengele ambavyo tumevitaja hapo juu.

UKENGEUSHI WA MAANA ZA MSAMIATI

Kama zilivyo jamii nyingine duniani, jamii yetu imefikia hatua ya kukengeusha baadhi ya usahihi wa maneno.  Athari hii haikuishia tu katika mazungumzo ya kawaida, imeingia hata kwa wasanii wetu wa fani za jukwaani.  Kuna baadhi ya misamiati ya Kiswahili ambayo hapo awali maana zake hazikuwa na dosari na zilikuwa si matusi kama ambavyo leo huwezi kuzitamka mbele ya watu hovyohovyo kwa sababu tayari zimenasibishwa na mambo mengine haswa matusi.  Angalia baadhi ya msamiati ambao tumeshaanza kunyang’wanywa na hata ukiutumia wengi watajua unamaanisha maana hizo za wachache waliokengeusha.Kwa mfano neno tia, kaza, uroda, denda n.k. na kitu kibaya zaidi kuna baadhi ya watu waliingilia kazi za wataalamu wa lugha na kuthubutu kutamka kuwa baadhi ya maneno yasitumike kwa sababu ni matusi.

Nimeanza makala kwa kusema lugha ni Sauti za nasibu na unasibu huu ulitaja kila uwakilishi wa vitu vilivyopo kwenye jamii hiyo.  Matusi yote yana uwakilishi wake ambao ukiutaja hadharani lazima ukapimwe akili.  Lakini maneno haya yanayonyang’anywa eti kwa kuwa yanafananishwa na yale ambayo hatuyataji hadharani si sahihi.

UKOSEFU WA UBUNIFU WA KUTOSHA WA WASANII WA SANAA ZA JUKWAANI

Zamani wasanii walikuwa na sanaa ambazo zilikuwa zinafuata kanuni na utaratibu wa sanaa.  Wasanii wa zamani walikuwa wakiimba nyimbo za malumbano na za kusemana lakini ilikuwa si rahisi kugundua hasa kama una umri mdogo na hujawa mahiri katika lugha.  Je hali iko hivi leo? tutajadili kwa pamoja.  Angalia kipande cha shairi la Muyaka Bin Haji enzi hizo akiwasema wakoloni juu ya ubaya wao.

Lahaja:        Mbwene shumndwa na Mbuzi wachandamana pamoya

Na mwana kuku na Kozi wachilea wao wana

Na mtu msi maozi, akionya watu ndia

Hayano si kuambiwa niwene kwa mato yangu

Sanifu:       Nimemuona Fisi na Mbuzi wakiandamana pamoja

Na mwana Kuku na mwewe wakilea watoto  wao

Na mtu asiyeona akionyesha watu njia

Haya sikuambiwa nimeona kwa macho yangu

Shairi hili la Muyaka lilikuwa linawapa urazini Waafrika juu ya namna wanavyoishi na watu ambao walikuwa ni maadui wao.  Ujumbe huu alikuwa anawapa Waafrika wenzake bila kugunduliwa na wazungu wachache ambao kwa kuwa Kiswahili si lugha yao ya kwanza ilikuwa vigumu kukipata kilichokuwa kinasisitizwa.

Ni wasanii wachache ambao wamekuwa wabunifu au kusoma kazi za wahenga ambao walikuwa mahiri wa lugha.  Tunafahamu kuwa Fasihi inaishi na haifi ndio maana hata leo unaweza kusema shairi la Muyaka bado linasadifu “Bado Fisi na Mbuzi wanaandamana pamoja, Mwana kuku na mwewe wanalea wana wao na Wanaoonyeshwa njia na vipofu bado tunaishi nao ingawa ni wachache,

HITIMISHO

Katika fasihi tunaelezwa kuwa unapotaka kuichambua kazi ya fasihi lazima kuwe na fani na maudhui na tunasisitizwa kuwa fani ambayo huibeba lugha ikisukwa vizuri ujumbe ndivyo utakavyoifikia jamii kama ilivyokusudiwa na msanii.  Hivyo ni vyema wasanii wetu wakatambua kuwa lugha ndiyo inayofanya kazi ya sanaa ipendeze.  Wasanii wote wanaotamba na kazi zao nzuri ni wale wanaojua kucheza na lugha na si vinginevyo.  Kumbuka unavyocheza na lugha ndivyo unavyofikisha maudhui mengi kwa wakati mmoja.

                                                     BY KHADIL

LEO 16/02/2011 NI KIVUMBI LIGI YA MABIGWA BARANI ULAYA

Leo wale mabigwa wa kusakata soka la kiwango cha hali ya juu wanakutana katika mechi ambayo arsenal atakuwa mwenyeji wa barcelona katika uwanja wa fly emirates mechi itakayochezwa saa 4;45 katika muda wa africa mashariki huku ikifahamika kuwa barcelona anayo record nzuli ya kumshinda arsenal hivo wana arsenal tusiwe na wasiwasi make mechi hii tutaishinda bila shida hivo wana wa arsenal  kuwa tusiwe na wasiwasi kila kitu tunaweza make nasri atakuwepo bila shida yoyote. 

KNOW MORE ABOUT ABRAHAM LINCOLN

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(born February 12, 1809, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.—died April 15, 1865, Washington, D.C.) 16th president of the United States (1861–65), who preserved the Union during the American Civil War and brought about the emancipation of the slaves. (For a discussion of the history and nature of the presidency, presidency of the United States of America.)(In February 2009, on the 200th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth, Britannica asked two prominent contributors to answer some Lincoln-related questions on the Britannica Blog. Noted historian James McPherson, author Tried by War and of Britannica's article “Translating Thought in Action: Grant'sPersonal Memoirs,” addresses Lincoln's role as commander in chief during the American Civil War; and New Yorkerwriter Adam Gopnik, author Angels and Ages and of the cultural life section of Britannica's United States article, considers Lincoln's similarities and differences with Charles Darwin, with whom he shares his birthday.)

Among American heroes, Lincoln continues to have a unique appeal for his fellow countrymen and also for people of other lands. This charm derives from his remarkable life story—the rise from humble origins, the dramatic death—and from his distinctively human and humane personality as well as from his historical role as saviour of the Union and emancipator of the slaves. His relevance endures and grows especially because of his eloquence as a spokesman for democracy. In his view, the Union was worth saving not only for its own sake but because it embodied an ideal, the ideal of self-government. In recent years, the political side to Lincoln's character, and his racial views in particular, have come under close scrutiny, as scholars continue to find him a rich subject for research. The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., was dedicated to him on May 30, 1922.

Life

Born in a backwoods cabin 3 miles (5 km) south of Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln was two years old when he was taken to a farm in the neighbouring valley of Knob Creek. His earliest memories were of this home and, in particular, of a flash flood that once washed away the corn and pumpkin seeds he had helped his father plant. His father, Thomas Lincoln, was the descendant of a weaver's apprentice who had migrated from England to Massachusetts in 1637. Though much less prosperous than some of his Lincoln forebears, Thomas was a sturdy pioneer. On June 12, 1806, he married Nancy Hanks. The Hanks genealogy is difficult to trace, but Nancy appears to have been of illegitimate birth. She has been described as “stoop-shouldered, thin-breasted, sad,” and fervently religious. Thomas and Nancy Lincoln had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died in infancy.

Childhood and youth

In December 1816, faced with a lawsuit challenging the title to his Kentucky farm, Thomas Lincoln moved with his family to southwestern Indiana. There, as a squatter on public land, he hastily put up a “half-faced camp”—a crude structure of logs and boughs with one side open to the weather—in which the family took shelter behind a blazing fire. Soon he built a permanent cabin, and later he bought the land on which it stood. Abraham helped to clear the fields and to take care of the crops but early acquired a dislike for hunting and fishing. In afteryears he recalled the “panther's scream,” the bears that “preyed on the swine,” and the poverty of Indiana frontier life, which was “pretty pinching at times.” The unhappiest period of his boyhood followed the death of his mother in the autumn of 1818. As a ragged nine-year-old, he saw her buried in the forest, then faced a winter without the warmth of a mother's love. Fortunately, before the onset of a second winter, Thomas Lincoln brought home from Kentucky a new wife for himself, a new mother for the children. Sarah Bush Johnston Lincoln, a widow with two girls and a boy of her own, had energy and affection to spare. She ran the household with an even hand, treating both sets of children as if she had borne them all; but she became especially fond of Abraham, and he of her. He afterward referred to her as his “angel mother.”By khadil kantangayo

THE RISE OF ADOLF HITLER BY KHADIL KANTANGAYO

Adolf Hitler is Born

At 6:30 p.m. on the evening of April 20, 1889, he was born in the small Austrian village of Braunau Am Inn just across the border from German Bavaria.

Adolf Hitler would one day lead a movement that placed supreme importance on a person's family tree even making it a matter of life and death. However, his own family tree was quite mixed up and would be a lifelong source of embarrassment and concern to him.

His father, Alois, was born in 1837. He was the illegitimate son of Maria Anna Schicklgruber and her unknown mate, which may have been someone from the neighborhood or a poor millworker named Johann Georg Hiedler. It is also remotely possible Adolf Hitler's grandfather was Jewish.

Maria Schicklgruber was said to have been employed as a cook in the household of a wealthy Jewish family named Frankenberger. There is some speculation their 19-year-old son got her pregnant and regularly sent her money after the birth of Alois.

Adolf Hitler would never know for sure just who his grandfather was.

He did know that when his father Alois was about five years old, Maria Schicklgruber married Johann Georg Hiedler. The marriage lasted five years until her death of natural causes, at which time Alois went to live on a small farm with his uncle.

At age thirteen, young Alois had enough of farm life and set out for the city of Vienna to make something of himself. He worked as a shoemaker's apprentice then later enlisted in the Austrian civil service, becoming a junior customs official. He worked hard as a civil servant and eventually became a supervisor. By 1875 he achieved the rank of Senior Assistant Inspector, a big accomplishment for the former poor farm boy with little formal education.

At this time an event occurred that would have big implications for the future.

Alois had always used the last name of his mother, Schicklgruber, and thus was always called Alois Schicklgruber. He made no attempt to hide the fact that he was illegitimate since it was common in rural Austria.

But after his success in the civil service, his proud uncle from the small farm convinced him to change his last name to match his own, Hiedler, and continue the family name. However, when it came time to write the name down in the record book it was spelled as Hitler.

And so in 1876 at age 39, Alois Schicklgruber became Alois Hitler. This is important because it is hard to imagine tens of thousands of Germans shouting "Heil Schicklgruber!" instead of "Heil Hitler!"

In 1885, after numerous affairs and two other marriages ended, the widowed Alois Hitler, 48, married the pregnant Klara Pölzl, 24, the granddaughter of uncle Hiedler. Technically, because of the name change, she was his own niece and so he had to get special permission from the Catholic Church.

The children from his previous marriage, Alois Hitler, Jr., and Angela, attended the wedding and lived with them afterwards. Klara Pölzl eventually gave birth to two boys and a girl, all of whom died. On April 20, 1889, her fourth child, Adolf, was born healthy and was baptized a Roman Catholic. Hitler's father was now 52 years old.

Throughout his early days, young Adolf's mother feared losing him as well and lavished much care and affection on him. His father was busy working most of the time and also spent a lot of time on his main hobby, keeping bees.

Baby Adolf had the nickname, Adi. When he was almost five, in 1893, his mother gave birth to a brother, Edmund. In 1896 came a sister, Paula.

In May of 1895 at age six, young Adolf Hitler entered first grade in the public school in the village of Fischlham near Linz, Austria.NEXT SECTION HITLER BOYHOOD JOIN US TO KNOW MUCH MORE ABOUT ADOLF PREPARED BY KHADIL

HISTORY BIOGRAPHY OF MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BY KHADIL

Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr., but later had his name changed to Martin. His grandfather began the family's long tenure as pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; his father has served from then until the present, and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co-pastor. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receiving the degree in 1955. In Boston he met and married Coretta Scott, a young woman of uncommon intellectual and artistic attainments. Two sons and two daughters were born into the family.

In 1954, Martin Luther King became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Always a strong worker for civil rights for members of his race, King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott described by Gunnar Jahn in his presentation speech in honor of the laureate. The boycott lasted 382 days. On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the United States had declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode the buses as equals. During these days of boycott, King was arrested, his home was bombed, he was subjected to personal abuse, but at the same time he emerged as a Negro leader of the first rank.

In 1957 he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. The ideals for this organization he took from Christianity; its operational techniques from Gandhi. In the eleven-year period between 1957 and 1968, King traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action; and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. In these years, he led a massive protest in Birmingham, Alabama, that caught the attention of the entire world, providing what he called a coalition of conscience. and inspiring his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail", a manifesto of the Negro revolution; he planned the drives in Alabama for the registration of Negroes as voters; he directed the peaceful march on Washington, D.C., of 250,000 people to whom he delivered his address, "l Have a Dream", he conferred with President John F. Kennedy and campaigned for President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was arrested upwards of twenty times and assaulted at least four times; he was awarded five honorary degrees; was named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963; and became not only the symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure.

At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize. When notified of his selection, he announced that he would turn over the prize money of $54,123 to the furtherance of the civil rights movement.

On the evening of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated.

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